Automated Water Quality Monitoring and Maintenance for Aquaculture Systems
Jyotirmoy Basumatary
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
G. J. V. Siva
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
Raj Kuamr Harijan
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
Abhishek Bhattacharjee
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
Mariam Jabali Laskar *
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Maintaining suitable water quality is essential for small-scale aquaculture, but manual monitoring and maintenance can be labour-intensive and inconsistent. This study presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automated water monitoring and maintenance system designed for Rohu (Labeo rohita) cultivation. The system integrates pH, temperature, turbidity, and ultrasonic sensors with ESP32 microcontrollers and a Blynk-based mobile interface for real-time monitoring and remote control. The prototype also includes automated fish feeding, pH-balancing substance dispensing, water-level control through a pump, and a water-surface waste-cleaning robot. Sensor performance was evaluated by comparing pH readings with distilled-water measurements, temperature readings with room-temperature measurements, and ultrasonic readings with measured distances. The pH sensor showed a mean absolute error of 0.034 and a root mean square error of 0.044, while the temperature sensor showed a mean absolute error of 0.33 °C and a root mean square error of 0.45 °C. The water-surface waste-cleaning robot was tested in an artificial pond and was able to collect approximately 250 g of floating debris per cleaning cycle. The proposed system demonstrates the feasibility of combining low-cost sensing, wireless monitoring, and automated maintenance functions for small-scale aquaculture. Further field validation is required under operational pond conditions.
Keywords: Aquaculture, Internet of Things, water-quality monitoring, automated fish feeding, water-level control, surface-waste collection, Labeo rohita.