Intelligent Cluster-Based Routing in Radio Network: Practice and Application
Samuel Gbli Tetteh *
D Jarvis College of Computing and Digital Media, DePaul University, Chicago, USA.
Ankrah Prince Twumasi
Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana.
Stephen Kwasi Adjei
Center for Information Systems and Technology, Claremont Graduate University, California, USA.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Over the last two decades, wireless networks have been widely deployed in various regions because of their infrastructure-less nature. This paper presents an adaptive routing solution for radio and hybrid wireless networks using a mobile ad hoc link-cluster architecture with intelligent clustering mechanisms. It explores various routing strategies suited to intelligent radio-grid and ad hoc networks, supported by a systematic review of clustering approaches, link reconfiguration, and optimisation of data transmission. The study proposes a modular architecture for Mobile Intelligent Cluster Controllers (MICCs) and demonstrates real-time simulations of routing using MIDLinux/Raspberry Pi environments. The entire network is partitioned into several clusters employing a Distributed Mobility Adaptive Clustering Algorithm (DMAC) with the cluster-heads acting as gateways connecting clusters. The hybrid network combines high-capacity base stations and mobile ad hoc devices, emphasising efficient information dissemination and reduced uplink usage through dynamic, self-organising clustering. Analytical models are developed for delay analysis, reliability, and two-hop relaying mechanisms. Overall, the research contributes to the development of self-stabilising, adaptive routing strategies in heterogeneous ad hoc networks.
Keywords: Adaptive routing, hybrid wireless networks, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), clustering mechanisms, intelligent radio-grid, self-stabilising networks