A Survey of Optical Fiber Communications: Challenges and Processing Time Influences
Fairoz Q. Kareem *
Duhok Polytechnic University, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Subhi R. M. Zeebaree
Duhok Polytechnic University, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Hivi Ismat Dino
University of Zakho, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Mohammed A. M.Sadeeq
Duhok Polytechnic University, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Zryan Najat Rashid
Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Dathar Abas Hasan
Duhok Polytechnic University, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Karzan Hussein Sharif
University of Human Development, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Optical fibers are utilized widely for data transmission systems because of their capacity to carry extensive information and dielectric nature. Network architectures utilizing multiple wavelengths per optical fiber are used in central, metropolitan, or broad‐area applications to link thousands of users with a vast range of transmission speeds and capacities. A powerful feature of an optical communication link is sending several wavelengths through the 1300‐to‐1600‐ nm range of a fibre simultaneously. The technology of integrating several wavelengths onto a similar fiber is called wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The principle of WDM utilized in concurrence with optical amplifiers has an outcome in communication links that permit rapid communications among users in the world's countries. This paper presents an overview of the challenges of fibre optic communication. This paper offers an outline of the areas to be the most relevant for the future advancement of optical communications. The invention of integrated optics and modern optical fibers takes place in the field of optical equipment and components.
Keywords: Optical fiber, communications, challenges, FSO