Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science

Advances in computing and communication technologies have provided new methods to store and access medical data electronically and distribute them over open communication networks. Today, patients themselves can access their medical information themselves and medical information can be transmitted among medical institutions as well as stakeholders in the health sector.  Accompanying these benefits are concomitant risks for patient medical records in electronic formats and strictly personal medical documentations being transmitted and accessible over open communication channels such as the Internet. Thus it is common knowledge that there should be in place network-level security measures and protocols in medical information systems. Many security schemes that were based on cryptography, watermarking and steganography have been proposed and implemented to secure medical data. However, an apt review of relevant literature revealed that in many implementations robustness against attacks is not guaranteed. Issues bordering on low embedding capacity, low robustness, low imperceptibility and bad trade tradeoff between robustness and capacity are evident in many implementations. In this paper, a hybrid Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithm, Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4) algorithm and Spread Spectrum techniques were proposed for securing medical image data over open communication networks. The performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Bit Error Rate (BER). For the five sample medical images used to test the scheme, the BER value is zero while the PNSR and SNR are consistent and they returned desirable high values. The MSE values for the images were low. The average values of the PSNR, SNR and MSE are 51.88 dB, 43.38 dB and 0.113 respectively. Hence, the proposed scheme is utterly revertible, robust and highly imperceptible; the original images can be retrieved by the recipient without any deformation or alteration.

A pervasive computing system provides for the interaction of people, devices and applications in a seamless and transparent manner in a pervasive computing environment. There is a great need for the management of basic resources in this environment. In this paper, we present a resource management architecture that provides for a seamless interaction among pervasive elements using ambient calculus and a publish/subscribe mechanism. Ambient calculus has been used to explore resource interaction and participation in a pervasive computing environment. A resource classifier component is introduced in the architecture that performs resource binding to specific applications. Results show that Ambient calculus offers a convenient and flexible representation of resource availability, usage transparency and management. By incorporating publish subscribe and resource classifier components into the ambient model, our system has shown a high degree of scalability, flexibility, and fault tolerance.

An in-depth study of Stable Election Protocol (SEP) revealed that, distance was not considered in selecting the cluster heads in the network. This allows a distant node that is selected as the head to dissipate huge energy in transmitting data to the Base station (BS). It was further observed that, whenever the Base station is relocated outside the field, the energy consumption of the network is high and hence shortening the lifetime of the network. In this paper, a Gateway-SEP protocol is proposed. The G-SEP modified the election probability of electing cluster heads by considering the distance, average distance and residual energy of the advanced nodes. The scheme also introduced a gateway node at the centre of the network and then installed the BS outside the field. Simulation results using MatLab R2017a showed that, the G-SEP performs better than Zonal-Stable Election protocol (ZSEP) in terms of coverage, stability period, throughput and network lifetime.

Aims: The use of social media in generation Y and generation Z as a forum for communication is commonly used in everyday life. The use of language as a means of communication in social media also attracts attention, especially the use of Indonesian, as a national language and as a unifying language of the nation, Indonesian must of course be maintained. Especially in writing and using it. The frequency of writing words on social media often becomes a problem in Indonesian as a national language. Both consciously and unconsciously, Indonesian writing is often found that is not in accordance with the structure of grammar and vocabulary in social media, causing concerns about the use of Indonesian in the future that has strayed far from the general guidelines of Indonesian spelling. Researchers conduct research related to the use of basic words in social media.

Study Design: The analysis process is carried out using an approach that starts from data collection, stemming and grouping data from random social media (WhatsApp, Instagram and Facebook).

Place and Duration of Study: Data from the top 3 (three) social media (WhatsApp, Instagram and Facebook) with the keyword "belajar" between December 2019 and January 2020.

Methodology: From the data collected there were 40492 basic words that were successfully obtained. Then the data obtained is done by sorting and deleting repeated words, so as to get the base word data of 5243 words.

Results: From the results of the study obtained information that the word "ajar" is the most frequent word with 2502 times repeated. The words "yang" and the word "ga" are non-standard words most often appear with the appearance 759 and 530 times. Mistakes most often occur because of abbreviated writing and hypercorrection.

Conclusion: The use of words that are not standard and not in accordance with the general guidelines of Indonesian spelling are words that are dominated by abbreviated words. Abbreviations like "yg" should "yang" rank first, while the word "ga" who should "tidak" rank second. The writing of words caused by hypercorrection is also one of the causes of errors in writing words. Hypercorrection words that appear include "zenius", "coba" and "smoga".

Objective: The study sought to extracts information about the steps, methods, techniques, initiatives and strategies that is use in establishing ontology in the medical sector.

Methods: The guideline that was employed for conducting the systematic review in this research work is that which was proposed by Kitchenham. The Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of science were searched for proceedings from conferences and journal papers between 2009 and 2018. Articles focusing on health care and ontology, health ontology and diagnosis system were selected. The AND operator was used in the Boolean language construction for the article search to limit articles presented to those that actually apply Ontology in the Health care. Selected articles were considered eligible based on their studies appropriately fitting into providing answers for the research questions that were presented in this research work within the last 10 years.

Results: Twenty (20) research articles were included in the review; of the initiatives of the research works considered, Seven (7) were of Methodology, Two (2) were Technique based, Three (3) were Framework based, Two (2) were Process based while Six (6) were extensions of those in existence.

Conclusions: The approaches considered were ontology based in terms of the use of Protégé-owl editor tool, SPARQL, Protégé 4, OWL 2, OWL, RDF, SNOMED CT. The main contributions include but not limited to Modelling of knowledge representation using Protégé for relating data and concepts with references to diabetes diseases, mobile based health care ontology, classification of diseases based on phenotypes, improvement in service delivery and availability of reliable health data. This Ontology heath care review which was carried out shows the need for Ontology based models to improve health service delivery for both the users (patients) and the care providers.